Major risk factors for kidney cancer

The factor or factors that most often cause kidney cancer are not still accurately known. But there are risk factors that are common in most patients. Aging, genetics, overweight and obesity, certain diseases, family history of disease are among the most common causes.

Types of kidney cancer

Children up to age 15 are more likely to develop a type of kidney cancer called Wilms' tumor. Wilms' tumor is a rare type of kidney cancer, also called pediatric kidney cancer. This type of kidney cancer is also known as nephroblastoma. Six percent of all childhood cancers are Wilms' tumors. The disease is usually unilateral and the probability of involvement of both kidneys is less than 50%.

Stages of kidney cancer

Stage I At this stage a seven centimeters or smaller tumor has formed inside the kidney. Stage II A seven centimeter or bigger tumor has formed inside the kidney but other organs still are not infected. Stage III At this stage, the kidney tumor extends beyond the kidneys and may have reached the adrenal glands or adjacent tissues or organs. In addition, it may involve lymph nodes. Stage IIII At this stage, the disease has reached its peak and has affected other organs, such as the intestines, lungs, or pancreas.

Pregnancy after Kidney Transplantation

After receiving a kidney transplant, a successful pregnancy is common for both female and male recipients. But because of taking certain medications like anti-rejection drugs, this attempt can have some risks. Therefore, there is a serious need to have a medical counseling in order to review all the possible conflicts and risks for both parents and the fetus.

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Can a woman who had a kidney transplant become pregnant?

If you had a kidney transplant, you are likely to have regular cycles, besides you probably have a general health. Therefore, you can get pregnant after receiving a kidney transplant

Pregnancy can be exposed to limitation during the dialysis period. On dialysis most women experience loss of libido, high prolactin levels and anovulatory bleeding. So the chance of conception in these women is very low and happens no more than one case out of 200 patients. But fertility and sexual functions restore after a kidney transplant.

After renal transplant, you should not get pregnant at least for a year even if your kidney is functioning well, because some medicines that you take after a renal transplant can affect the development of the fetus. If there be a risk of losing the transplant kidney or any danger for the baby, then pregnancy is not recommended. But you need to talk with your healthcare provider to guide you through the pregnancy.

It is essential to use birth control till your physician agrees that it is safe for you to get pregnant. However, sometimes unplanned pregnancies happen. In this case due to high danger of miscarriage following the usage of potentially teratogenic medicines, you should have close monitoring and counseling of your physician.

Can a man become a father after a kidney transplant?

Men who had a kidney transplant or even those who are on dialysis can have children. If you have any problem in conception after a year of trying, you can talk with a fertility doctor. Although some medications which are used after a transplant might reduce the ability of having a child in men. You had better talk to your doctor about your medications.

Timing of Pregnancy After Kidney Transplantation

Before making any attempts towards having a child, it is fair to wait at least one year after your transplant to make sure that your medication is established and your transplanted kidney is working well. In Europe, waiting for 2 years is recommended. Although pregnancy is possible sooner, the risks of pregnancy are higher. Consult with your healthcare provider to have a discussion about the best pregnancy timing.

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How might transplant patients’ medicines affect the baby?

Many of anti-rejection medicines which are used by transplant patients are safe for both mother and the fetus, but there are some types of them that can affect the pregnancy. These types of medications should be stopped at least six weeks before getting pregnant. Also you need the close monitoring of your doctor to inform you from the right time of a safe pregnancy or switch your medications. Furthermore, during the pregnancy, your immunosuppressive dose may be changed. In a few number of pregnant cases, the organ rejection has happened so they need to be monitored by high-risk obstetricians.

Recommended birth control for transplant patients

For preventing pregnancy among transplant patients, different types of birth control may be used. Those women who have a high blood pressure shouldn’t use the oral contraceptive pills because they increase the blood pressure and the risks of having blood clots. Using IUD as a new way of birth control is recommended. Moreover, the diaphragm, sponge, and condom are other acceptable means of birth control that can be used by transplant patients.

Do babies born to transplant recipients experience problems?

women who had a transplant have three times more risks of having babies who are premature compared to other women. However, the occurrence of birth defects in their children is the same as the other women unless they take CellCept®, Myfortic® or their other forms. If these drugs be taken, there is a high risk of miscarriage and birth defects.

Unfortunately, we have limited information about newer medications like sirolimus, everolimus and belatacept and their effects on pregnancy. Before pregnancy, you need to discuss with your healthcare provider about all the risks and if there is any necessity, change your medication under the monitor of your medical team.

Is Cesarean Section needed in kidney transplant patients?

Kidney transplant does not affect the normal vaginal delivery and having a C-section is not usually recommended. If C-section is needed, the related doctor should be informed in order to be more careful and not harm the ureter of the kidney which can be anterior to the womb artery.

Breastfeed in kidney transplant patients

During the early 6 months of life, breast feeding is recommended and the American Society of Transplantation does not disagree this action. Several studies have shown that the benefits of breastfeeding outweigh its potential disadvantages. Despite the existence of low levels of drug metabolites in breast milk, the use of tacrolimus, azathioprine and prednisone is considered to be safe during the breast feeding.

Fertility Treatment and Kidney Transplant in Iran

Today, Iran is one the best countries in the world where both kidney transplant and fertility treatment are provided for all patients. By the use of “living unrelated renal donation” (LURD) method, renal transplant procedure has been so much easier and faster due to the use of living donors. By this method, you do not need to wait in line for a long time hoping to receive a kidney. You can get in touch with a living donor and get what you need by spending a reasonable time.

Iran is also one of the top countries for fertility treatment where the most modern reproductive technologies such as IVF, IVF+PGD, and surrogacy are provided for all the patients around the world. By the use of PGD technology, you can screen your embryos in order to prevent birth defects caused by different variables like your after-transplant medications. For getting more information, you can contact us now and have a consultation for free.

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Author: Leila Nazari

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