Major risk factors for kidney cancer

The factor or factors that most often cause kidney cancer are not still accurately known. But there are risk factors that are common in most patients. Aging, genetics, overweight and obesity, certain diseases, family history of disease are among the most common causes.

Types of kidney cancer

Children up to age 15 are more likely to develop a type of kidney cancer called Wilms' tumor. Wilms' tumor is a rare type of kidney cancer, also called pediatric kidney cancer. This type of kidney cancer is also known as nephroblastoma. Six percent of all childhood cancers are Wilms' tumors. The disease is usually unilateral and the probability of involvement of both kidneys is less than 50%.

Stages of kidney cancer

Stage I At this stage a seven centimeters or smaller tumor has formed inside the kidney. Stage II A seven centimeter or bigger tumor has formed inside the kidney but other organs still are not infected. Stage III At this stage, the kidney tumor extends beyond the kidneys and may have reached the adrenal glands or adjacent tissues or organs. In addition, it may involve lymph nodes. Stage IIII At this stage, the disease has reached its peak and has affected other organs, such as the intestines, lungs, or pancreas.

Kidney Transplant Patients and Covid-19

Corona Virus Disease 2019 which is often referred to as COVID-19, has extremely affected the world and become a pandemic disease since its outbreak. The organ transplant patients have also been under the influence of this disease. These patients often take immunosuppressive medicines, so they are in higher risk of virus infections. In order to decrease the possibility of getting sick, these patients should follow the instructions of world health organization (WHO) more carefully.

What is a Kidney Transplant?

A kidney transplant or renal transplant is a surgical procedure in which a damaged kidney is replaced by a healthy one which was donated from a donor. We have a pair of kidneys and we can often survive with only one of them. However, in some cases, a serious disease like diabetes or high blood pressure can make a person need a kidney transplant.

If the kidney transplant is successful, it can increase the patient’s quality of life by eliminating their need to dialysis and expand their life expectancy.

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COVID-19 in Kidney Transplant Patients

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, numerous publications have described the clinical condition of kidney transplant patients. Unfortunately, the rate of incidence and mortality is higher among these patients. Like the other cases of this disease, general health and respiratory support can be used to control the disease until it is healed.

You have to know that the risk of getting infected through the donated kidney is very low, because these kidneys are screened before the implantation begins. If they are revealed as positive COVID-19 they would not be used.

Besides general and respiratory supports, Remdesivir medicine was approved to work on this virus. So like the other patients of COVID-19, it is recommended to use the monitored level of this drug for renal transplant patients in a hospital setting.

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Kidney Transplant after a COVID-19

There is few published evidence regarding to safety of kidney transplant in patients who have healed from a mild or asymptomatic types of COVID-19. Up to now, there are some case studies on this subject to know how the kidney transplant would be after getting healed from this virus. The studies show that a past COVID disease cannot be the guarantee of a long-term protection and all the precautions must be taken.

Considering the high incidence of this disease among all the people including the dialysis patients, it is highly possible that these patients have a kidney transplant after getting infected. So it is necessary to collect information about this subject through case analysis and follow-up investigations.

Special Considerations for Transplant Recipients

Due to taking immunosuppressive medicines, transplant recipients are at the higher risk of Covid-19 virus. If you are a recipient, you have to limit the risks of catching viruses by taking necessary precautions. Since the beginning of the pandemic, some of the kidney transplant organizations have established a number of general rules for protection including giving extensive information to patients, making limitation in collective transport, online interviews with patients before each session of hemodialysis, online appointments whenever it is possible, etc.

What should transplant patients know about COVID-19 and the vaccine?

Getting vaccinated is recommended to all the transplant recipients including renal patients. Although vaccines are less effective for organ transplant recipients because they take drugs which cause immunosuppression, it is still necessary to get vaccinated and have protection to some extent. These patients should still limit their exposure to coronavirus patients because the infection risk is still possible.

How to Stay Safe during COVID-19 Pandemic

To prevent catching and spreading coronavirus Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends:

Wash your hands for at least 20 seconds or if it is not possible use hand sanitizer
Do not touch your face with unwashed hands
Keep your distance and stay 6 feet away from those who have respiratory symptoms like sneezing or coughing.
Wear a face mask and a face shield when you are in touch with other people especially in outdoors
Avoid going out for unnecessary reasons
If you have any symptoms of disease, stay at home and be in quarantine
Use a tissue to cover your cough and sneeze and then throw them in trashcan
Sanitize the surface of objects that you used constantly
And most importantly get vaccinated

Besides the recommendations above, you have to try to be relaxed during this pandemic because stress can weaken the immune system and prepare your body to get infected or not get treated easily. You can also check updated news from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) page to get informed about the latest news.

Author: Leila Nazari

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