Glaucoma as a serious eye disease and its treatment

Diagnosis of eye diseases and the type of treatment and operation of the eye is one of the most difficult and sensitive medical procedures that require accurate knowledge and experience of the structure of the eye as the most sensitive part of the body. One of these treatments is glaucoma surgery, which we will learn more about later.

What is glaucoma?

Glaucoma is an eye disease during which optic nerves are damaged. Glaucoma can happen due to hereditary factors or other reasons. Optic nerves carry information from eyes to brains. Therefore, any damages to them can result in vision loss. Diagnosing Glaucoma in appropriate time is very important. Sometimes diagnosing Glaucoma is rather easy. In hard cases, damages to optical nerves do not manifest themselves as high eye pressures. That is why doctors refer to Glaucoma as “A group of related conditions” due to a variety of cases and types of disorders that can be classified as Glaucoma. If Glaucoma is not treated properly, temporarily vision loss is possible.

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Glaucoma is a condition that causes damage to the optic nerve and worsens over time and it is often associated with increased intraocular pressure. Increased pressure, called intraocular pressure, can damage the optic nerve and if the injury continues In fact, glaucoma can lead to permanent vision loss.

Without treatment, glaucoma can lead to blindness. Most people with glaucoma have no symptoms or initial pain, so if you are worried you should see an ophthalmologist on a regular basis so that he or she can cure it before it becomes severe, especially if you are over 40 years old. Those with a family history of glaucoma disease should get a complete eye exam every 1 to 2 years, and you may need regular ophthalmic evaluation if you have health problems like diabetes or a family history of glaucoma or are at risk for other eye diseases. See your ophthalmologist more often.

Glaucoma can be classified into two main groups:

Angle-closure Glaucoma: This refers to situations when iris building narrows and blocks the drainage passage in the eyes.
Open-angle Glaucoma: This is one of the most common types of Glaucoma, affecting between 70 to 90 percent of individuals. Open-angle Glaucoma happens when the trabecular meshwork is partially blocked and lead to the intraocular pressure.

How Glaucoma is diagnosed?

Testing Glaucoma is a painless and straightforward procedure. The test is often called as Tonometry, during which internal pressure of eyes is checked for alarming changes. Doctors may also test a patient's eyesight and health of optic nerves for a more precise diagnosis.

Who is more vulnerable to the disease?

Glaucoma is more common in people who are over 40 years old. Some diseases, such as myopia and diabetes, can also increase the chance of developing Glaucoma in individuals. Normal-tension Glaucoma is more probable in people with cardiovascular diseases and low eye pressure. One way to avoid the Glaucoma is to have regular eye examinations, after mid-thirties.

What are the causes of Glaucoma ?

Glaucoma is the result of an intrinsic deterioration of the optic nerve leading to high fluid pressure in front of the eye. Typically, the ocular fluid flows through the eye through a lattice-like canal. If the canal is blocked, the fluid will accumulate in one place. The exact cause of the blockage is unknown, but doctors believe it can be inherited, meaning it is passed on from parents to children or the result of a past eye trauma. Less common causes include chemical damage to the eye, severe eye infection, blockage of the blood vessels within the eye, and inflammatory diseases; this is rare, but sometimes eye surgery can cause it. Glaucoma usually affects both eyes, but may be worse in one.

A good comparison that can best explain the cause of glaucoma is the comparison of the eyes with the pressure of a ball's air! A soccer or basketball ball needs air pressure to maintain its shape and keep it in shape. Similarly, the eyeball needs the right amount of fluid pressure to maintain its spherical appearance and visual ability. However, when something affects the ability of the internal structures of the eye to regulate internal pressure (IOP), eye pressure can rise to dangerous levels. Unlike a soccer or basketball ball, when the pressure inside the eye is too high, the eye cannot relieve the pressure by draining fluid. Instead, this pressure continues until it reaches the optic nerves and when the nerve fibers are permanently damaged, the blindness occurs.

In people with glaucoma, drainage is blocked in the eye and fluid inside the eye cannot be removed. Therefore, due to the constant producing of fluid the eye pressure increases. In simple terms, it is caused by a sharp increase in vitreous pressure, or fluid in the eye.

The main reason for this increase in pressure depends on the type of glaucoma that you have. Since glaucoma technically referred to as a set of eye diseases, it can be the result of various factors. SPECIAL PACKAGES

The exact cause of Glaucoma is not clear for scientists and doctors. The underlying reason behind this complication is the blockage of passages in the eye that generally carry fluid in the eyes. This blockage drains the fluid and damage eyes. This is mainly done by the built-up fluid in eyes which increase pressure on the optic nerves. Since blood vessels and fiber nerves in eyes are fragile, this pressure can easily damage them and thus result in vision loss.

How is treated?

Glaucoma is an eye disease which occurs due to the accumulation of fluid in the eyeball. This fluid is responsible for nourishing and keeping the eye healthy. After discharge and circulation within the eyeball, the black water is discharged through the eye corner and the extracellular ducts, which are in the front of the eye.

Eye drops and other medicines can treat Glaucoma. Using medications regularly and being observed by doctors, constantly, is usually useful for treating the Glaucoma. However, in some critical cases treating Glaucoma is only possible by surgeries.

Your doctor may prescribe eye drops, or may use laser or microscopic surgery to reduce intraocular pressure.

Eye drops for glaucoma treatment

This eye drop reduces eye tears and improves eye discharge, thereby reducing eye pressure. Side effects may include allergies, redness, itching, dark eyes and irritated eyes. Some glaucoma medications may affect your heart and lungs. Make sure to tell your doctor about any other medications you are taking or have allergy to.

Laser surgery to treat glaucoma
Laser Surgery: Laser surgery helps drain fluid from the eye. Although this method can be used at any time, it is usually used after drug therapy testing. In many cases, the patient should also take medication after laser surgery.

Glaucoma microsurgery treatment
In glaucoma surgery, the goal is to create a new outlet for fluid in the eye. Although the ophthalmologist may decide to have surgery at any time, he usually does so after the failure of drug therapy and laser surgery. Surgery is performed at the clinic or hospital. Before surgery, the patient is given medicines to calm down and then the eye is anesthetized by topical anesthetic drops around it. The surgeon removes a small piece of white sclera, which creates a small channel for fluid to pass through the eye. Then the white part of the eye that is removed is covered with a thin, translucent layer of conjunctiva.

In glaucoma surgery procedure, before surgery, the patient is given medicines to calm down and then the eye is anesthetized by injecting anesthetic substances around it. The surgeon then removes a small piece of white sclera that creates a small duct to drain fluid from the eye. Then the white part of the eye that is removed is covered with a thin, translucent layer of conjunctiva. The fluid exits through the created duct and passes underneath the conjunctiva that covers it. The patient should be given antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drops for several weeks after this eye disease surgery to treat infection and swelling. It should be noted that these drops are different from those that the patient had previously used to treat glaucoma. The patient should be regularly examined by an ophthalmologist within the first few weeks after surgery.

How to prevent Glaucoma?

The best way of preventing Glaucoma is following eye care tips and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. There is no known way of preventing this particular disease, but it appears to be correlated with lifestyle and general eye care tips. Glaucoma is a very tricky disease, and patients usually know about this disease when it has set its roots and has done its damages to vision nerves. Therefore, constant eye care examination can be one of the best ways of monitoring and preventing this disease in its early stages.

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