PCI stents & ballooning of coronary arteries

PCI stents and ballooning of coronary arteries

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) stents are tiny tools that are used to hold the coronary arteries wide. The coronary arteries supply the heart with a blood full of oxygen. When the coronary arteries are narrowed they do not allow adequate blood to stream the heart and the stents solve this problem. It is usually done in combined with ballooning (Angioplasty).

What is a stent?

A stent is a small tool that holds open blood passages in your hearts coronary arteries. It is a mesh tube that is often applied to treat coronary arteries that have gotten narrowed. First a tiny balloon is used to widen the coronary arteries (by angioplasty or ballooning). Then the stent is replaced. Sometimes more than one stent is needed depending on the disease. Stents are made of different materials such as fabric, metal mesh, and silicone. Also, they may get made of a combination of two or more materials. Fabric stents are used in larger arteries like the aorta.

They will remain in your body and you may need to take certain medicines for a year or longer to prevent serious complications. The medicines can include aspirin and other anti-platelet medicines. Thromboembolism or blood clots are important probable complications after the stenting procedure.

Coronary arteries ballooning and stenting

Coronary arteries ballooning (angioplasty) is a medical procedure in which the doctor uses a balloon to open a blockage in those arteries that are narrowed by atherosclerosis. This procedure is used to:

Improve symptoms of CDA
Reduce the damage from a heart attack
Reduce the risk of death

Before ballooning, the doctor should know if the coronary arteries are blocked. If so, he/ she should know the number of blockages, the amount and location. Then a balloon is blown up in the coronary arteries blockage and the surgeon pushes the plaque outward against the artery wall. If the balloon is inflated, it compresses the plaque and restores the size of the artery. In this case, the surgeon places stents in that part to hold up the artery and lower the risk of re-narrowing. They act as scaffolding for the coronary arteries. Then, the surgeon deflates the balloon and removes it, but the stent is left behind the coronary arteries.

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Different types of coronary artery stents

Bare _ metal stents These stents do not have a special medicine coating. They are bare metal and act as scaffolding for vessels. As the artery heals, new tissue grows around the placed stent and holds it in place. But, an overgrowth of scar tissue may increase the risk of re-blockage.

Drug _ eluting stents (DES) Recently, a new type of these tools has been introduced which have medication coating. These stents prevent the vessels from renewing. They are more effective at keeping the coronary arteries open over time. Both of the types can be used along with ballooning coronary arteries, depending on the patient’s type of problem, anatomy other diseases. as an example if the patient will need other surgeries that are not related to heart, or if they have a bleeding disorder, they may do better with bare-metal ones.

Drug-eluting stents may prevent blockage better compared to bare metal ones, but they require treatment with blood thinners. This makes these types of tools less desirable for patients that suffer from bleeding problems or will have surgery soon after this procedure.

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